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The economy, one of the world's smallest
and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which
provide the main livelihood for more than 80% of the population.
Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal
husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the
building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive.
The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade
and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance.
The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most
production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects,
such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor.
Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists
are key resources. Model education, social, and environment
programs are underway with support from multilateral development
organizations. Each economic program takes into account the
government's desire to protect the country's environment and
cultural traditions. For example, the government in its cautious
expansion of the tourist sector encourages the visits of upscale,
environmentally conscientious visitors.
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